Even when you're feeling great, keeping up with regular screenings is one of the most important things you can do for your long-term health.
In 2025, Ontario made a major shift in its approach to cervical cancer screening. The province transitioned from Pap cytology as the primary screening method to HPV primary screening, which tests for high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus that cause the vast majority of cervical cancers. Under the updated Ontario guidelines, cervical screening now begins at age 25 and is recommended every 5 years using the HPV primary test. If HPV testing is unavailable, Pap cytology every 3 years remains an accepted alternative.
This is a meaningful change. The previous guideline recommended Pap tests every 3 years starting at age 21. The shift to HPV primary screening reflects strong evidence that detecting the virus itself catches precancerous changes earlier and more accurately than cytology alone.
Cervical cancer accounts for 1.3% of all new female cancers and 1.1% of all female cancer deaths in Canada (Canadian Cancer Society). Regular cervical screening reduces cervical cancer incidence and mortality by at least 80 percent (National Cancer Institute). Early detection truly saves lives.
What happens during cervical screening?
Whether you're having an HPV test or a Pap smear, the process is very similar. Your nurse practitioner will use a small, soft brush to gently collect a sample of cells from your cervix. The sample is then sent to the lab for analysis. With an HPV test, the lab checks for the presence of high-risk HPV strains. With a Pap test, the lab examines the cells for any abnormal changes that could indicate precancer or cancer.
While everyone's comfort level is different, the procedure is quick and typically not painful. Most people describe it as a brief moment of pressure or a slight pinch. Our nurse practitioners take the time to make sure you feel comfortable and informed throughout the process.
Who should be screened?
- Anyone with a cervix, starting at age 25
- Those with a weakened immune system due to chemotherapy, organ transplant, or other medical conditions
- Individuals who are HIV-positive, who may need more frequent screening
- Anyone with a previous abnormal result or history of cervical precancer
If you're under 25 or have specific risk factors, talk to your nurse practitioner about whether earlier or more frequent screening is right for you.
HPV testing and Pap smears at Care&
At Care& Family Health, we offer both HPV primary testing and Pap smears as part of our cervical cancer screening services. Our team stays current with Ontario's screening guidelines so you can trust that you're getting the most up-to-date care. We also provide broader cancer prevention services, including education on evidence-based strategies to reduce your risk and access to counselling and support.
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers when caught early. If you're due for screening or unsure when your last one was, book an appointment with one of our nurse practitioners. It's a small step that can make a big difference.
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Book an appointment with our experienced Nurse Practitioners today.
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